The bows of these machines already featured a winched pull back system and could apparently throw two missiles at once. ![]() He probably designed his bow-machines on the occasion of the sieges of Cumae and Milet between 421 BC and 401 BC. Zopyrus has been plausibly equated with a Pythagorean of that name who seems to have flourished in the late 5th century BC. ![]() 2nd century BC), whose reliability has been positively reevaluated by recent scholarship, described two advanced forms of the gastraphetes, which he credits to Zopyros, an engineer from southern Italy. A detailed description of the gastraphetes, or the “belly-bow”, along with a watercolor drawing, is found in Heron’s technical treatise Belopoeica. 1st century AD), who referred to the now lost works of the 3rd-century BC engineer Ctesibius, this weapon was inspired by an earlier foot-held crossbow, called the gastraphetes, which could store more energy than the Greek bows. The introduction of crossbows however, can be dated further back: according to the inventor Hero of Alexandria (fl. Diodorus is assumed to have drawn his description from the highly rated history of Philistus, a contemporary of the events then. The weapon was soon after employed against Motya (397 BC), a key Carthaginian stronghold in Sicily. 1st century BC), described the invention of a mechanical arrow-firing catapult ( katapeltikon) by a Greek task force in 399 BC. Primitive catapults were essentially “the product of relatively straightforward attempts to increase the range and penetrating power of missiles by strengthening the bow which propelled them”. The catapult and crossbow in Greece are closely intertwined. Experiment with different distances, and even different amounts of popsicle sticks in the stack, to see what works best.Ancient mechanical artillery: Catapults (standing), the chain drive of Polybolos (bottom center), Gastraphetes (on wall). When the stacked popsicle sticks are farther from the elastic on the spoon, the objects tend to be shot straight up in the air. The closer they are to the elastic, the farther the projectile will go. You can also change the angle of the catapult by moving the stacked popsicle sticks closer to the elastic on the spoon. If your spoon is flexible enough, pull it right down to the table before releasing it to get more speed. Try pulling the spoon down at different angles. Then gravity plays a part, bringing the load back down. Releasing the arm changes the potential energy to kinetic energy, sending the load flying. Pulling down the arm of the catapult is force, which creates potential energy. An object stays at rest until an external force is applied. How levers work can be explained using Newton’s Laws of Motion. You push the arm (plastic spoon) over the fulcrum (popsicle sticks) to launch the load (tin foil balls, or whatever you choose). These popsicle stick catapults are a simple machine called a lever. You definitely want heavier duty rubber bands for this experiment. We first tried using rainbow loom elastics, but they were too loose. If you don’t have asparagus elastics, thicker elastics, like size #64 rubber bands, will work the best. We used the elastics that were around our asparagus bunches, and they worked perfectly. Make a prediction about which object you think will fly the farthest! Which elastics are best for a popsicle stick catapult? Try paper balls, marshmallows, eraser tops, bottle caps, or pom poms. ![]() ![]() But you can send any object flying with these catapults (within reason!!), which makes them so much fun. Objects with a bit of weight to them, like a ball of tin foil, are the perfect projectile. What type of projectiles work best in popsicle stick catapults? The full printable instructions are at the end of this post, but here’s a list of products on Amazon that are similar to the supplies we used: If you use these links to buy something we may earn a small commission which helps us run this website. Looking for more fun ideas? Here’s some of our favourites:
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